Biomechanical analysis of barefoot walking and three different sports footwear in children aged between 4 and 6 years old.

The technological transformation and advertising utilized in the footwear industry significantly impact purchasing decisions. The gait properties, barefoot and with shoes, change depending on the footwear structure. The aim of this work is the biomechanical analysis of walking barefoot and with different sports shoes in a controlled group of 12 children between 4 and 6 years old. Kinematic and spatiotemporal variables were analyzed using a BTS motion capture analysis system with the Helen Hayes protocol. Previously, a survey was carried out with 262 families with children between 4 and 6 years old to justify the choice of footwear for this study. No significant differences were found between any of the measured conditions. The kinematic results showed significant differences in the ankle (right sagittal plane p = 0.04, left p < 0.01; right frontal plane p < 0.01, left p < 0.01), knee (right and left sagittal plane p < 0.01) and hip (right sagittal plane p < 0.01, left p = 0.04; right frontal plane p = 0.03). Additionally, the post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between barefoot gait and different footwear. The footwear used for this study and each one's various characteristics are not preponderant in the spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of the children's gait. Thus, the footwear purchase may be conditioned by its design or composition and other properties may not be relevant.

Aportaciones del método Montessori a la práctica clínica de terapia ocupacional en demencias / Contributions of the Montessori method to the clinical practice of occupational therapy in dementia

Objetivos: identificar el valor terapéutico del Método Montessori en personas con demencia frente a la terapia ocupacional convencional. Métodos: se utilizó una metodología de tipo cualitativa enmarcada dentro del enfoque de la fenomenología, utilizando la técnica de grupos focales para estudiar el fenómeno de estudio. Se llevaron a cabo tres grupos focales, formados por tres terapeutas ocupacionales en cada uno. Se siguió los criterios del Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) para el presente estudio. Resultados: el Método Montessori influye en las habilidades de desempeño necesarias para la participación de la persona con demencia en sus ocupaciones diarias, mejorando y/o manteniendo su funcionalidad en las actividades de la vida diaria, especialmente en la alimentación, en las actividades instrumentales y en la participación social. Las terapeutas ocupacionales valoran que el Método Montessori contemple la actividad significativa y es utilizado de manera complementaria en su intervención con este colectivo. Conclusiones: El Método Montessori es una técnica que se utiliza de manera complementaria a otras en la intervención con personas con demencia. Impacta en el desempeño ocupacional de las personas con demencia. Es valorado por las terapeutas ocupacionales por contemplar aspectos como la actividad significativa, la posibilidad de desglosar las tareas, así como la adaptación, el control del error y la naturaleza manipulativa de los materiales y actividades que propone.(AU)

Objective: To identify the therapeutic value of the Montessori Method in people with dementia compared to conventional occupational therapy. Methods: A qualitative methodology framed within the phenomenology approach was extracted, using the focus group technique to study the phenomenon. Three focus groups were selected, formed by three occupational therapists in each one. The Consolidated Criteria for Qualitative Research Reporting (COREQ) are followed for this study. Results: The Montessori Method influences the performance skills necessary for participation of the person with dementia in their daily occupations, improving and/or maintaining their functionality in the activities of daily living, especially in feeding, in instrumental activities and in the social participation. Occupational therapists value that the Montessori Method contemplates meaningful activity, and it is used in a complementary way in their intervention with this group. Conclusions: The Montessori Method is a technique that is used in a complementary way to others in the intervention with people with dementia. It impacts the occupational performance of people with dementia. It is valued by occupational therapists for considering aspects such as significant activity, the possibility of breaking down tasks as well as adaptation, error control and the manipulative nature of the materials and activities it proposes.(AU)

Ecotoxicological study of glucose:choline chloride and sorbitol:choline chloride at different contents of water.

The search of new solvents is currently focused on deep eutectic solvents (DES). However, there are not many ecotoxicological studies in different biomodels of DES that allow knowing how these chemicals affect to the environment along the trophic chain. In this manuscript, two DES at different proportion of water have been prepared and characterized from the ecotoxicological point of view. These solvents are glucose:choline chloride (2:5) and sorbitol:choline chloride (3:2) at different contents of water. To carry out the ecotoxicological study, three biomodels have been used: bacteria Aliivibrio fisheri (A. fisheri), crustacean Daphnia magna (D. magna) and algae Raphidocelis subcapitata (R. subcapitata). The obtained results show that the ecotoxicity of these chemicals depends on the biomodel used and the amount of water, being toxicity values lower for chemicals with higher water content. However, it is important to highlight that the ecotoxicity for all chemicals is quite low with effective concentrations, EC50 values above 1000 mg/L in all the studied cases.

HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability: a survey-based study among parents of adolescents (KAPPAS study).

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is recognized as one of the major causes of infection-related cancer worldwide. In Spain, the HPV vaccination program started in 2007 and until 2022, it targeted 12-year-old girls. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter survey-based research carried out at 24 pediatric offices to describe HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability in parents of children aged between 9 and 14 years-old in Spain. Parents were randomly selected from the medical records following specific quotas to ensure representativeness. The survey included five sections that aim to collect information about sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of HPV, knowledge and acceptability of vaccines in general, HPV vaccination knowledge and HPV vaccine acceptability. Each section was constituted by a number of close questions with different answer options. Specific scores were assigned to each possible answer to these questions. Based on these scores, four composite variables were created to assess HPV knowledge, HPV vaccine knowledge, HPV vaccine acceptability and vaccines knowledge and acceptability in general. A latent class analysis was performed to identify different group of respondents according to their HPV vaccine acceptability. RESULTS: A total of 1405 valid surveys were included, with 86.19% of the respondents being mothers. The mean score of HPV knowledge was 28.92 out of 40 (maximum value) (95% CI 28.70-29.20) and the mean score of HPV vaccine acceptability was 3.37 out of 5 (maximum value). One third of parents still need more information to take a final decision about HPV vaccination in their children. Parents perceived that females were more likely to become infected than males and tended to associate HPV infection mainly with cervical cancer, showing a. a lack of information about other HPV-related diseases affecting males. CONCLUSIONS: This study results highlight the need for future actions and educational initiatives to raise awareness of HPV consequences in both genders and to contribute to achieving the elimination of HPV-related diseases beyond cervical cancer.

Pregnancy in a woman undergoing peritoneal dialysis: Management and dialysis options.

Pregnancy in patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance dialysis is uncommon, with annual incidences reported at 0.3 - 2.7%. Peritoneal dialysis usage in pregnancy has been less reported than hemodialysis, although outcomes are similar. Nowadays, there are insufficient data to establish a generalizable dialysis strategy in pregnant women with end-stage renal disease. As such, decisions should be individualized, depending on clinical factors, residual renal function, and, whenever possible, choice of the patient. We report the case of a 22-year-old patient receiving peritoneal dialysis who delivered a full-term, normal weight, healthy baby with increased dialysis dose achieved by supplementary hemodialysis during pregnancy, thus enabling peritoneal dialysis to be continued until the third trimester and minimizing hemodialysis requirements.

Factors influencing HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability in parents of adolescent children: results from a survey-based study (KAPPAS study).

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections associated with a wide range of diseases and cancers that may affect both genders. Since 2007, the Spanish National Immunization Program includes HPV vaccination, and currently it only targets 12-year-old girls. The objective of our study is to assess differences in the knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine acceptability according to different factors, and to identify the role of different sources of information. A cross-sectional, multicenter survey research was carried out in twenty-four pediatric offices in Spain, and included parents of children aged 9 to 14 years old. 1,405 valid survey-responses were considered for the analysis. Parental awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine, as well as vaccine acceptability, are still strongly associated with child gender (girls) and age (12-14 years old). HPV knowledge and HPV vaccine acceptability are related to parental gender, HPV vaccination status and having at least one daughter. Parents who consulted a healthcare source to obtain further information about HPV had greater HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and acceptability. HPV and HPV vaccine awareness and acceptability are strongly associated with child gender and age, which correlates with the current immunization program.

Efectos de la pandemia sobre la salud en los/as trabajadores/as de la economía popular y las estrategias sociosanitarias desplegadas por el sector en el barrio de Los Hornos, La Plata, 2020-2021 / Effects of the pandemic on the health of workers in the popular economy and the socio-sanitary strategies deployed by the sector in the neighborhood of Los Hornos, La Plata, 2020-2021

La presente Investigación analiza los efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la salud de los sectores populares, particularmente de las/os trabajadores de la Economía Popular concentrados en la Unión de Trabajadores y Trabajadoras de la Economía Popular (UTEP) organizados en la localidad de Los Hornos y barrios aledaños de La Plata. Dicho territorio, representa una de las delegaciones municipales más densamente poblada y la segunda con mayor concentración de casos confirmados por COVID-19. Este despliegue de casos y las medidas sanitarias tomadas durante el período del ASPO, han profundizado inequidades en el acceso a la salud ya existentes. En ese sentido, y enmarcados en la perspectiva de la Salud Comunitaria y el enfoque de determinantes sociales y económicos de la salud, indagamos en torno a los sentidos que se construyen alrededor de la salud en estos sectores, así como también a las estrategias comunitarias desplegadas como formas organizadas de dirigir los procesos de cuidado. Esta investigación aporta resultados que permiten fortalecer los niveles de planificación, gestión describiendo dispositivos caracterizados por la participación social El relato retrospectivo de actores claves en la ejecución de estrategias de cuidado nucleadas bajo organizaciones de la UTEP, brindan una aproximación al estado de salud de los sectores populares y aportan claves para pensar como la sindicalización de estos sectores impactan en la salud de las poblaciones. Esto se verá específicamente retratado en la incorporación clave de promotoras de salud, cuyas acciones preventivo-promocionales acompañaron los procesos de salud atención y cuidados de estos sectores.

Photodynamic Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Using a Hexanuclear Molybdenum Complex Embedded in Transparent polyHEMA Hydrogels.

Three new photoactive polymeric materials embedding a hexanuclear molybdenum cluster (Bu4N)2[Mo6I8(CH3COO)6] (1) have been synthesized and characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and emission spectroscopy. The materials are obtained in the format of transparent and thin sheets, and the formulations used to synthesize them are comprised of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), as a polymerizable monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), as cross-linkers. All the polymeric hydrogels generate singlet oxygen (1O2) upon irradiation with visible light (400-700 nm), as demonstrated by the reactivity toward two chemical traps of this reactive species (9,10-dimethylanthracene and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene). Some differences have been detected between the photoactive materials, probably attributable to variations in the permeability to solvent and oxygen. Notably, one of the materials resisted up to 10 cycles of photocatalytic oxygenation reactions of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. All three of the polyHEMA hydrogels doped with 1 are efficient against S. aureus biofilms when irradiated with blue light (460 nm). The material made with the composition of 90% HEMA and 10% PEGDMA (Mo6@polymer-III) is especially easy to handle, because of its flexibility, and it achieves a notable level of bacterial population reduction (3.0 log10 CFU/cm2). The embedding of 1 in cross-linked polyHEMA sheets affords a protective environment to the photosensitizer against aqueous degradation while preserving the photochemical and photobactericidal activity.

Community approach for the COVID19 pandemic in Quilmes: a case study of Villa Itati / Abordaje comunitario de la pandemia de COVID en Quilmes: la experiencia de Villa Itatí

Introduction: On 5/24 a COVID19 outbreak in the Villa Azul neighborhood was confirmed and an outbreak mitigation strategy was implemented that also was extended to Villa Itatí given the geographical and social proximity. Objective: to systematize the community approach that was carried out in the Villa Itatí neighborhood with the aim of mitigating an outbreak of COVID19 and optimizing the prevention and control of new cases. Methods: a new stage of surveillance and active search for cases was implemented in order to guarantee access to the diagnosis and the recommended isolation measures for the recovery and containment of eventual community outbreaks. An Emergency Operational Committee (COE) with the participation of social and political organizations of the neighborhood, health, safety and community development teams from both the Municipality Quilmes and the Government of the Province of Buenos Aires was created. Results: As of 8/22, 1,067 cases of COVID19 had been confirmed in Villa Itatí, with a downward trend in terms of the number of cases and daily swabs. The total number of cases doubled every 31 days and the percentage of positivity of the swabs has been increasing gradually until today it is 48% of the total. However, of the total number of cases in Villa Itatí, currently only 62 (6%) are currently infected, the rest of the cases being already recovered people. From the beginning of the approach in Villa Itatí, 2860 close contacts were traced, of which 90% (2577) have already been discharged after having completed 14 days of home isolation. Discussion: the community approach to the COVID19 pandemic in Villa Itatí made it possible to strengthen the neighborhood organization to comprehensively optimize all available resources in order to take care of the health of the population.  

Introducción: El 24/5 se confirma la aparición de un brote de COVID19 en el barrio de Villa Azul por lo que se comienza a implementar una estrategia de mitigación de brote que también se extiende a Villa Itatí dada la proximidad geográfica y social. Objetivo: describir el abordaje comunitario que se realizó en el barrio Villa Itatí con el objetivo de mitigar un brote de COVID19 y optimizar la prevención y control de los nuevos casos.  Métodos: se implementó una etapa de vigilancia y búsqueda activa de casos y se formalizó la conformación de un Comité Operativo de Emergencia (COE) con la participación de las organizaciones sociales y políticas del barrio, equipos de salud, seguridad y desarrollo de la comunidad tanto del Municipio de Quilmes como del Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Resultados: Al 22/8 habían confirmado en Villa Itatí 1067 casos de COVID19, con una tendencia a la baja en cuanto al número de casos e hisopados diarios. Los casos se duplicaron cada 31 días y el porcentaje de positividad de los hisopados ha ido aumentando de manera paulatina hasta encontrarse hoy en el 48% del total. Sin embargo, del total de casos de Villa Itatí, actualmente sólo 62 (el 6%) están actualmente infectados, siendo el resto de los casos ya personas recuperadas. Desde el inicio del abordaje en Villa Itatí se realizó el seguimiento de 2860 contactos estrechos, de los cuales el 90% (2577) ya tienen el alta luego de haber cumplido 14 días de aislamiento domiciliario. Discusión: el abordaje comunitario de la pandemia de COVID19 en Villa Itatí permitió fortalecer la organización del barrio para optimizar de manera integral todos los recursos disponibles en pos de cuidar la salud de la población.

Correction to: HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptance among European adolescents and their parents: a systematic literature review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40985-020-00126-5.].

HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptance among European adolescents and their parents: a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of HPV vaccines, several studies have been conducted in different countries to assess HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptance. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review to summarize results and identify factors associated with HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptance in adolescents and their parents and to compile the measurement tools used in the published research studies performed in European countries where HPV is licensed. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted for studies published between January 1st 2006 and December 31st 2017. RESULTS: Seventy non-interventional studies performed in 16 European countries met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-eight of them reported data on HPV knowledge and 40 reported data on HPV vaccine acceptance. Further, 51.8% of adolescents (range 0% to 98.6%) and 64.4% of parents (range 1.7% to 99.3%) knew about HPV infection. Insufficient information and safety concerns were the main barriers to vaccination acceptance. CONCLUSION: HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptance are still modest and vary widely between studies across EU countries. Coordinated efforts should be made to provide the relevant population with information for informed decision-making about HPV vaccination.

Characterization of xylitol or citric acid:choline chloride:water mixtures: Structure, thermophysical properties, and quercetin solubility.

The industrial implementation of new eco-friendly solvents has highlighted the need to analyse both the structures and thermophysical properties of these solvents. Here, two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) used in the agro-food field were studied: xylitol:choline chloride:water (1:2:3 M ratio), XoCH, and citric acid:choline chloride:water (1:1:6 M ratio), CiCH. The H-bond network between the components of each DES was evaluated and the diffusion coefficients at 298.15 K were calculated using NMR spectroscopy. In addition, seven thermophysical properties were determined from 278.15 to 338.15 K. Also, the solubility of quercetin in water and in the two eutectic mixtures was measured and the interactions between components were studied. NMR experiments revealed the presence of water within the supramolecular structure of XoCH, but CiCH is a "DES-in-water" solution. Based on the results, XoCH is the most compact mixture. Finally, quercetin was remarkably more soluble in the studied DESs than in pure water.

Weight loss thresholds to detect early hypernatremia in newborns / Limites de perda de peso para detecção de hipernatremia precoce em recém-nascidos

ABSTRACT Objective: The literature indicates a single universal cut-off point for weight loss after birth for the risk of hypernatremia, without considering other factors. The aim of this study was to construct and internally validate cut-off points for the percentage weight loss associated with the risk of hypernatremia, taking into account risk factors. Methods: A prospective study with a three-day follow-up was conducted in 165 neonates with a gestational age ≥35 weeks. The main outcome variable was mild or moderate hypernatremia (serum sodium ≥ 145 mmol/L). Secondary variables (risk factors) were maternal and infant variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to predict hypernatremia, obtaining its probability and the optimal discriminant cut-off point for hypernatremia (receiver operating characteristic analysis). Based on this point, threshold weight loss values were obtained according to the other variables. These values were internally validated by bootstrapping. Results: There were 51 cases (30.9%) of hypernatremia. The mean percentage weight loss for hypernatremic infants was 8.6% and 6.0% for the rest. Associated variables in the multivariate model included greater weight loss, male gender, higher education level, multiparity, and cesarean delivery. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84 (sensitivity = 77.6%; specificity = 73.2%). Similar values were obtained in the bootstrapping validation. The lowest percentage weight loss was 4.77%, for cesarean delivery in male infants of mothers with a higher education level. Conclusions: The weight loss percentage values depended on the type of delivery, parity, newborn gender, and level of maternal education. External studies are required to validate these values.

RESUMO Objetivo: A literatura indica um único ponto de corte universal na perda de peso após o nascimento para risco de hipernatremia, sem considerar outros fatores. Nosso objetivo foi criar e validar internamente pontos de corte para o percentual de perda de peso associado ao risco de hipernatremia considerando fatores de risco. Métodos: Foi feito um estudo prospectivo que incluiu 165 neonatos com idade gestacional ≥ 35 semanas, acompanhados por três dias. A principal variável de resultado foi hipernatremia leve ou moderada (sódio sérico ≥ 145 mmol/L). As variáveis secundárias (fatores de risco) foram variáveis maternas e dos neonatos. Um modelo multivariado de regressão logística foi criado para diagnosticar hipernatremia, obteve sua probabilidade e o ponto de corte discriminativo ideal para hipernatremia (análise da Característica de Operação do Receptor). Com base nesse ponto, obtivemos então os valores limites de perda de peso de acordo com as outras variáveis. Esses valores foram internamente validados por. Resultados: Há 51 casos (30,9%) de hipernatremia. O percentual de perda de peso para neonatos hipernatrêmicos foi 8,6% e 6,0% para o restante. As variáveis associadas no modelo multivariado incluíram maior perda de peso, sexo masculino, maior nível de escolaridade, multiparidade e cesárea. O modelo apresentou uma área sob a curva da Característica de Operação do Receptor de 0,84 (sensibilidade = 77,6%; especificidade = 73,2%). Valores semelhantes foram obtidos na validação da bootstrapping. O menor percentual de perda de peso foi 4,77% para cesárea em neonatos do sexo masculino de mães com maior nível de escolaridade. Conclusões: Os valores percentuais de perda de peso dependem do tipo de parto, paridade, sexo do recém-nascido e nível de escolaridade materna. São necessários estudos externos para validar esses valores.

Motor imagery as a complementary technique for functional recovery after stroke: a systematic review.

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults, producing a major personal and economic impact on those affected. The scientific evidence regarding the use of Motor Imagery (MI) as a preparatory process for motor control reinforces the need to explore this method as a complement to physical therapy.Objectives: The objectives of this systematic review were to determine the effectiveness of MI for functional recovery after stroke and to identify a possible intervention protocol, according to the level of existing scientific evidence.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using Medline, Cochrane Library and PEDro databases. Studies were limited to those published between 2007 and 2017, and restricted to English and/or Spanish language publications.Results: Thirteen randomized clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria were included. The methodological quality of studies was determined using the Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies, obtaining scores of 9-13 points out of 15. The level of evidence and strength of recommendations were assessed using the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) assessment, obtaining levels IA and II-B1. Significant improvements were found in outcome measures evaluating upper limb functionality, balance and kinematic gait parameters.Conclusions: The use of MI combined with conventional rehabilitation is an effective method for the recovery of functionality after stroke. Due to the great heterogeneity in the scientific literature available, new lines of research are necessary, in order to include well-designed studies of good methodological quality and to establish a consensus regarding the most appropriate protocols.

Estimating the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness profile of a nonavalent HPV vaccine in Spain.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the main causes of infection-related cancer. The bivalent vaccine (2vHPV) (16/18) and quadrivalent (6/11/16/18) HPV vaccine (4vHPV) have been included in the Spanish vaccination calendar since 2007. The new nonavalent HPV vaccine (9vHPV), approved in Europe in 2015, includes nine HPV types 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 and has been available in Spain since May 2017. Our study aims to estimate the epidemiological impact and the cost-effectiveness of a girls-only and a gender-neutral vaccination program with 9vHPV compared to the current vaccination program in Spain. A dynamic transmission model simulating the natural history of HPV infections was calibrated to the Spanish setting and applied to estimate costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with vaccination strategies using a payer perspective and a 100-year time horizon. A girls-only vaccination strategy at age 12 years with 9vHPV was found to be a cost-effective strategy compared with 4vHPV (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €7,718 per QALY). Compared with girls-only vaccination with 4vHPV, gender-neutral vaccination with 9vHPV was associated with further reductions of up to 28.5% in the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 and 17.1% in the incidence of cervical cancer, as well as with a 14.0% reduction in cervical cancer mortality. Furthermore, a gender-neutral vaccination program with 9vHPV could potentially be cost-effective considering some parameters as head and neck protection or discount rates, leading to a reduction in the burden of HPV-related diseases in both sexes in the Spanish population.

Weight loss thresholds to detect early hypernatremia in newborns.

OBJECTIVE: The literature indicates a single universal cut-off point for weight loss after birth for the risk of hypernatremia, without considering other factors. The aim of this study was to construct and internally validate cut-off points for the percentage weight loss associated with the risk of hypernatremia, taking into account risk factors. METHODS: A prospective study with a three-day follow-up was conducted in 165 neonates with a gestational age ≥35 weeks. The main outcome variable was mild or moderate hypernatremia (serum sodium≥145mmol/L). Secondary variables (risk factors) were maternal and infant variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to predict hypernatremia, obtaining its probability and the optimal discriminant cut-off point for hypernatremia (receiver operating characteristic analysis). Based on this point, threshold weight loss values were obtained according to the other variables. These values were internally validated by bootstrapping. RESULTS: There were 51 cases (30.9%) of hypernatremia. The mean percentage weight loss for hypernatremic infants was 8.6% and 6.0% for the rest. Associated variables in the multivariate model included greater weight loss, male gender, higher education level, multiparity, and cesarean delivery. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84 (sensitivity=77.6%; specificity=73.2%). Similar values were obtained in the bootstrapping validation. The lowest percentage weight loss was 4.77%, for cesarean delivery in male infants of mothers with a higher education level. CONCLUSIONS: The weight loss percentage values depended on the type of delivery, parity, newborn gender, and level of maternal education. External studies are required to validate these values.

Coberturas vacunales de residentes en centros geriátricos / Vaccination coverage of residents in nursing homes

Objetivos: Describir las coberturas vacunales en residentes de tres centros geriátricos de Hospitalet de Llobregat, provincia de Barcelona, así como la presencia de criterios que indiquen la vacunación sistemática y no sistemática. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal a 98 residentes de tres residencias de atención geriátrica en Hospitalet de Llobregat ingresados, al menos, 6 meses antes de la fecha de recogida de datos (agosto de 2016). Se analizan variables sociodemográficas y clínicas (fragilidad, vacunación sistemática y no sistemática, patologías y tratamiento) mediante análisis descriptivo univariante con medidas de distribución de frecuencias y asociación entre los resultados de las variables categóricas mediante el test de c2, utilizando programa SPSS v.22. Resultados: Población con una edad media de 85,4 (±7,2) años, 67,3% mujeres. Un 80,4% presenta criterios de fragilidad. Las patologías más prevalentes son: enfermedad cardiovascular, 52,6%; demencia, 42,2%, y diabetes mellitus, 25,5%. Vacunación sistemática en residentes: 93,8% correctamente vacunados de gripe, 83,7% de antineumocócica 23-valente y 61,2% de tétanos-difteria. El 44,9% presentaba vacunación incompleta; de estos, el 25,8% rechazaba voluntariamente alguna o todas las vacunas. Vacunación no sistemática: correctamente vacunados de antineumocócica 13-valente el 100% de los residentes con insuficiencia renal y el 11,11% de los residentes con neoplasias. Conclusiones: El perfil del residente es una mujer mayor de 85 años, frágil, bien vacunada de antineumocócica 23-valente y gripe y con baja cobertura de tétanos-difteria. Existe un alto porcentaje de vacunación incompleta; el rechazo a la vacunación es uno de los principales motivos. Las vacunas no sistemáticas más susceptibles de administración fueron: vacuna neumocócica 13-valente y hepatitis B. Se observa en las recomendaciones de autoridades y sociedades científicas falta de unanimidad en la indicación de vacunas no sistemáticas

Objectives: Describing the vaccination coverage in residents of three geriatric centers of Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, as well as the criteria that indicate systematic and non-systematic vaccination. Method: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study of 98 residents of three geriatric care residences in Hospitalet de Llobregat, who were admitted six months before the date of data collection at least (August 2016). Sociodemographic and clinical variables (fragility, systematic and non - systematic vaccination, pathologies and treatment) are analyzed, using univariate descriptive analysis with frequency distribution measures and association between the results of categorical variables using the c2 test using SPSS v.22. Results: Population with mean age of 85.4 (±7.2) years old, 67.3% women. The 80.41% presented fragility criteria. The most prevalent pathologies are cardiovascular disease (52.6%), dementia (42.2%) and diabetes mellitus (25.5%). Systematic vaccination in residents: 93.8% correctly vaccinated of influenza, 83.7% of pneumococcal 23-valent and 61.2% of tetanus-diphtheria. The 44.9% had incomplete vaccination and 25.8% of them voluntarily rejected some or all vaccines. Non-systematic vaccination: the 100% of residents with renal insufficiency and 11.11% of residents with neoplasias were correctly vaccinated with 13-valent pneumococcal. Conclusions: The resident profile is a woman older than 85 years old, fragile, well vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal and influenza and with low tetanus-diphtheria coverage. There is a high percentage of incomplete vaccination, with vaccination rejection being that one of the main reasons. The most susceptible non-systematic vaccines to be administrated were: 13-valent pneumococcal and HBV vaccines. The recommendations of scientific authorities and societies have a lack of unanimity in the indication of non-systematic vaccines

Epidemiologic and economic burden of HPV diseases in Spain: implication of additional 5 types from the 9-valent vaccine.

BACKGROUND: A new nonavalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine that includes genotypes 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 has been recently approved in Spain. A previous study has shown that attributable fraction of HPV related diseases in Spain is consistent with that reported in European and global studies. The aim of the present study was to estimate the annual direct costs associated to the following HPV-related diseases: genital warts, high grade precancerous lesions and cancer of cervix, vulva, vagina, anus and penis and head and neck cancer, caused by genotypes included in the nonavalent (9vHPV) and quadrivalent vaccines (4vHPV), in Spanish men and women. METHODS: Cancer registries and epidemiological studies were used to estimate the number of new annual cases of genital warts, anogenital precancerous lesions and cancer of cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis and head and neck, as well as the fraction attributable to HPV infection and to genotypes targeted by both vaccines in Spain. Costs per patient for each disease were obtained from the literature. In addition, 142 specialists were surveyed to estimate cost per patient of vulvar, vaginal, anal and penile precancerous lesions. The annual burden of diseases attributable to types targeted by both vaccines was estimated and compared. All results were validated by a panel of experts. RESULTS: In 2016, new genital warts, precancerous lesions and cancers attributable to types targeted by the 9vHPV were estimated at 49,251, 29,405 and 3381, respectively. Among them, 12,597 new precancerous lesions and 530 new cancers were related to the 5 additional types covered by the 9vHPV. Annual cost of new cases of these diseases associated to types targeted by the 4vHPV and 9vHPV were estimated at 116.7 and 150.9 million € for the Spanish National Health Service (NHS), respectively (2017 €). CONCLUSIONS: HPV-related diseases represent a major burden for the Spanish NHS. Annual new cases and costs related to the 5 additional types from the 9vHPV represent a significant burden compared with that associated to types included in the 4vHPV.

Hospitalization burden associated with malignant neoplasia and in situ carcinoma in vulva and vagina during a 5-year period (2009-2013) in Spain: An epidemiological study.

BACKGROUND: Vulvar and vaginal cancers are considered rare cancers in women. Human Papillomavirus is responsible for 30-76% of them. The aim of this study was to describe the burden of hospital admissions by malignant neoplasia (MN) and in situ carcinoma (ISC) of vulva and vagina from 2009 to 2013, in Spain METHODS: This observational, descriptive study used discharge information obtained from the national surveillance system for hospital data, Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos, CMBD, provided by the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: From 2009-2013, we found 9,896 hospitalizations coded as MN or ISC of vulva and vagina. Mean age of hospitalization was 69.94 ±â€¯15.16 years; average length of hospital stay (ALOS) was 10.02 ±â€¯12.40 days, and mean hospitalization costs were 5,140.31 ±â€¯3,220.61 euros. Mean hospitalization rate was 9.874 per 100,000 women aged >14 years old (95% CI: 9.689-10.058); mean mortality rate was 0.932 per 100,000 women aged >14 years old (95% CI: 0.872-0.991) and mean case fatality rate was 9.438% (95% CI: 8.862-10.014). CONCLUSION: MN and ISC of vulva and vagina are responsible for a considerable hospitalization burden. Information about these hospitalizations could be useful for cost effectiveness analysis and monitoring of HPV vaccination effectiveness.